On the 5th of March, UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders, Mary Lawlor released her latest report on the challenges faced by human rights defenders working in isolated, remote and rural areas.

The report calls on states to adopt a more collective perspective on protection, including the strengthening of the capacity of grass-roots organizations and networks and to ensure that the right to free, prior and informed consent is respected.

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The report also pays tribute to Quinto Inuma Alvarado who was an indigenous Kichwa human rights defender from Santa Rosillo de Yanayacu, in the Peruvian Amazon and a ZTI Steering Group member until he was murdered in 2023.

On the 12th of February, Chief Ewin Ogar died after a brief illness. A dear colleague, friend and member of the ZTI Chief Edwin was a leader from the Ekuri community in Cross River State Nigeria.

The Ekuri community is an emblematic case of community led forest management and resistance in the face of logging and the construction of a super-highway.

In the 90s Chief Edwin was criminalised for defending the community. When the judge offered him a chance to escape jail time if they allowed the logging deal to sail through Chief Edwin declined - “We decided to go to jail and save our forest.”

Chief Edwin was an ardent environmental defender and a pillar of strength for his community. Many ZTI members met Chief Ewin during the ZTI Africa in-person meeting in 2022. May his legacy continue to inspire us in our work.

29 November 2024, marks one year since the killing of Quinto Inuma Alvarado, who was a Peruvian indigenous leader and Steering Group member of the Zero Tolerance Initiative, in response to his work as an environmental human rights defender.

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A year on, Quinto’s death has had little effect on the Peruvian government’s actions to protect human rights defenders. His life was dedicated to seeing his community with legal titling of their land, but a few months after his death, the regional forestry authority granted rights to third parties over the territory claimed by the community.

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​The community of Santa Rosillo de Yanayacu and its allies are demanding land titling of their ancestral territory, justice for the murder of Quinto and for the Peruvian state  to take concrete actions to protect indigenous defenders and life in the community.

The Asia-Pacific Indigenous Peoples Caucus called on states, businesses, development finance institutions, and relevant UN bodies to take proactive measures to recognize and respect Indigenous Peoples' rights during the UN Responsible Business and Human Rights Forum, Asia-Pacific held from 24–27 September 2024 in Bangkok.

In a statement issued on 27 September 2024, the Caucus demanded to ensure Indigenous Peoples' Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) in all processes related to business and development activities in their lands and territories. The Caucus also urged the recognition of their rights and meaningful participation in climate actions, including energy transition initiatives

The general objective of this publication is to analyze the collective protection strategies employed by indigenous peoples, Afro-descendants, peasants, and rural communities in Latin America in 2022, in response to violations primarily perpetrated by global companies and supply chains. 

On December 4, staff and security agents from AAL – Indonesia’s second largest palm oil company – visited two women in Rio Mukti village in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, insisting they sign a letter stating there was no land conflict between AAL-subsidiary PT Lestari Tani Teladan (PT LTT) and local communities.

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The visit came two days after WALHI (Friends of the Earth Indonesia) shared a video featuring the two women speaking about the adverse impacts of AAL’s operations and calling for the return of communities’ lands.

FOE groups are calling on all concerned parties, including Indonesian authorities, to intervene and de-escalate the situation immediately. 

On October 22, Mr. Arnaldo Benítez Vargas, the spiritual leader of the Yvy Pyte community in Cerro Corá, Amambaywas violently murdered.

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ZTI Steering Group member FAPI condemns the killing and demands concrete responses from the State to protect ancestral and legalized lands.

The land conflicts between  Brasil BioFuels (BBF) and Indigenous peoples and local communities are long standing in the state of Para, Brazil, as BBF's plantations are located on land claimed as traditional lands by indigenous peoples and local communities.

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On the eve of the Amazon Summit in Belém, this August, security guards and the Military Police are accused of having shot four indigenous Tembé people in this escalating land conflict.

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This open letter calls for the suspension of sourcing from BBF until the company takes action to end all forms of violence and intimidation against the community and until harms have been compensated and fully remedied to the satisfaction of the aggrieved communities.

The briefing paper “Threats to Human Rights Defenders: Six ways companies should respond” is an important milestone towards Zero Tolerance Policies and details how companies should respond to the growing number of threats facing human rights defenders, offering six key recommendations.

Representatives from Indigenous Peoples, civil society,
and community-based organizations around the world sent an open letter to household consumer goods companies demanding they immediately suspend Indonesia's second largest palm oil company, Astra Agro Lestari from their supply chains and work to redress the grievances of impacted communities.

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The letter is directed at the “Forest Positive Coalition” of the Consumer Goods Forum – a consortium of the world’s top consumer brands – ahead of its meeting during NYC Climate Week 2022.

This open letter, signed by organisations from across the world, stands in support of Colombian human rights organisation Comisión Intereclesial de Justicia y Paz. It highlights the attacks carried out against Justicia y Paz's legal representative Danilo Rueda, and other human rights defenders in Colombia.

Danilo has been subject to a smear campaign against him by powerful sectors of the Colombian media and political class. These accusations, attacks and smear campaign have put Rueda's life and integrity at risk. Danilo is a member of the ZTI steering group.

International and national non-governmental and academic organisations have sent a letter to Colombian governmental and security authorities to highlight their concern about illegal mining in the Resguardo Indígena de Origen Colonial Cañamomo Lomaprieta.

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The letter states their concern about the lack of implementation of the orders of Colombia's Constitutional Court Decision T530 of September 2016. This Court Decision reiterates the Resguardo Cañamomo Lomaprieta's right to self-govern their own territory and create their own regulations regarding mining on their land. 

At the end of 2019, afro-descendant community members from Baranquilla de San Javier in Ecuador held peaceful protests to demand that palm oil company Energy & Palma to withdraw from their

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The protests were violently repressed, and Energy & Palma filed a legal complaint against the community leaders, demanding US$320,000 in compensation. Four land rights defenders from Baranquilla have also been ordered to pay $151,000 to the palm oil company. 

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This open letter calls consumer goods companies to disclose and explain its process of supply chain due diligence with regards to Energy & Palma. 

Join us to hear from indigenous and local community leaders from Kenya, Russia, Bangladesh and Peru, who will share their key demands for land rights to be recognised as a climate solution.

The event will reflect on how demands from COP26 should be taken into account in relation to implementation of the UNGPs and will explore the underlying drivers of violence against human rights defenders focusing on recognising collective land rights as one critical solution.

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Introductory and concluding words: 

Anita Ramasastry - Member of the Working Group on Business and Human Rights.

The agribusiness sector has seen a 60% increase in killings of Human Rights Defenders (HRDs) in the last year, most of them indigenous peoples.

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This webinar is an opportunity for forest communities from Indonesia, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru to share their struggles with a global audience. Activists, civil society organisations and other interested parties are invited to hear from HRDs about the situation on the ground for communities affected by industrial-scale palm oil and soya production. This will be a space for mutual learning on strategies needed to address collective threats to defenders.

Identifying, addressing and holding companies to account for the impacts of their activities on women needs to be embedded in due diligence legislation and wider business and human rights policies and strategies, or we risk adopting measures that will leave women behind. ActionAid's paper explains why such an approach is needed, and how states and companies can integrate gender-responsive human rights due diligence into existing and emerging efforts in the area of business and human rights, from garment factories in Bangladesh to mining projects in Nicaragua and Zambia, to agricultural investments in Guinea Bissau, Guatemala and Malawi.

This snapshot covers the annual findings from the Business & Human Rights Resource Centre database of attacks against human rights defenders which  includes over 2000 cases of judicial, physical and lethal attacks, highlights some of the key positive steps that companies and investors have recently taken to address these attacks and reprisals, and summarises the recommendations to these actors.

The Accountability Framework provides a common roadmap for setting, implementing, and monitoring ethical supply chain commitments in agriculture and forestry. These norms reflect the consensus of a diverse coalition of respected conservation and human rights NGOs from around the world. They were developed in close consultation with the private sector and other key stakeholders to establish a harmonised global reference that is applicable across commodities and regions.

Through 25 case studies, Uncalculated Risks explores the nature of the threats and attacks against defenders in development, and examines the role of development finance institutions in mitigating or exacerbating these risks.

The Sierra Nevada of Santa Maria is rich in precious minerals. 261 mining concessions have already been given, and a further 244 concessions are pending . However, the indigenous Arhuacos have not been included in these decisions and processes. In 2017, this led to a massive protest against the mining projects and their destructive impact on their territories.

“For we Arhuaco, our territory is the basis of our knowledge and it forms the setting in which our culture is able to develop”, says Rubiel Zalabata.

On the 26th of February, AFRILAW, in partnership with the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), Zero Tolerance Initiative (ZTI), and True Cost Initiative, launched the report "Community-Based Research on Violations of Human Rights in the Palm Oil Supply Chain in Edo State, Nigeria."

Around 90 participants attended the launch of the report, that outlines human rights violations and attacks on HRDs in palm oil supply chains and calls for the companies involved to develop dedicated zero tolerance policies.

31 international organizations have submitted an urgent appeal to the Indonesian government over human rights violations against the Dolok Parmonangan Indigenous community in North Sumatra. Security personnel from PT Toba Pulp Lestari (TPL) have reportedly inflicted physical harm, blocked customary lands, and destroyed resources.

On December 2, 2024, security forces restricted access to a key water source, sparking violent clashes. The appeal calls for immediate action to halt TPL’s operations, protect community members, and hold perpetrators accountable.

On November 25, the 13th United Nations Forum on Business and Human Rights (UN BHR) will host a joint session of the UN Working Group and ZTI members and allies.

13 years on from the adoption of the UN Guiding Principles, the concept of “Smart mix” of measures has fallen short with regards to concrete improvements for environmental human rights defenders, who continue to face relentless threats, attacks, criminalisation and killings for their work protecting land and environment.

This session will explore different policies and regulations, both globally and in the different regions and how they have proved effective or not in improving the situation for (W)HRDs, Indigenous Peoples, and afro-descendent communities at risk, and what needs to be done.

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A new report 'Cultivating Conflict: How Astra Agro Lestari, Brands and Big Finance Capitalize on Indonesia’s Governance Gaps' was released by WALHI, Friends of the Earth US, and Milieudefensie.

The report reveals that Astra Agro Lestari (AAL) ’s environmental, human rights, and governance violations appear to be more extensive than initially documented, including: illegal palm oil cultivation inside Indonesia’s forest estate; ongoing intimidation and criminalization of environmental human rights defenders; and several AAL subsidiaries operating without required permits. 

Last month, the home of indigenous Shipibo-Konibo leader Miguel Guimaraes, vice president of AIDESEP, and ZTI Steering Group member, was ransacked and spray painted with death-threats. This is the latest in a series of attacks Miguel has faced. The attacks against Guimaraes are emblematic of the threats that indigenous leaders and environmental defenders in Peru continue to face.

This letter urgently calls on the Peruvian state to take immediate action to end threats against Miguel, his family, and indigenous communities in Peru. 

Environmental defender Quinto Inuma Alvarado was shot and killed by hooded men in response to his work defending his land from illegal logging and drug trafficking in the San Martín region of Peru (valle del Chipurana).

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“This is why we are threatened, because we are resisting,” Quinto Inuma said at the Latin America regional meeting of the Zero Tolerance Initiative in 2022. 

On October 7, the Indonesian police opened fire on a demonstration of the Indigenous Dayak Banjar community.

The community were protesting in Bangkal Village, Seruyan, Central Kalimantan against the encroachments of a palm oil company. This excessive use of force by the police resulted in the death of one Indigenous individual, injuries to two more, and the arbitrary detention of dozens.

See statements from FPP and IPRI. Local organisations supporting the community were able to access the ZTI Urgent Response and Prevention Fund.

Rainforest Action Network has welcomed the publication of Unilever Principles in Support of Human Rights Defenders. “Unilever has shown that global brands can take a zero tolerance approach to the violence, intimidation and criminalization of Human Rights Defenders […]Most importantly, it lays out a step-by-step guide to the implementation of a dedicated policy on protecting Human Rights Defenders. This is a global first for a multinational corporation that has a significant footprint in the tropical rainforest regions where Human Rights Defenders are under increasing attack and civic space is shrinking.”

International advocacy is a critical area of work for human/environmental rights defenders and the organisations that support them. The United Nations (UN) in particular has various mechanisms dedicated to hearing and amplifying cases of human rights abuses and in applying pressure on states to respond to cases and implement international commitments.

While UN mechanisms are designed to support and respond to rights defenders, navigating the UN system is not always easy. There are myriad events, offices, calls for inputs, protocols and regional particularities that can be daunting to navigate, particularly when expedience is important. A key question faced by rights defenders looking to raise awareness and/or gain support for their cause is, what is the most effective way to engage with the UN system?

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The workshop will include an introduction by Romchat Wachirarattanakornkul - Human Rights, Climate Change & Environment Regional Focal Point at UN Human Rights – Asia,  to the UN Human Rights mechanisms, how best to engage and their value as platforms for advocacy. There will also be an opportunity for experience-sharing, questions and discussion.  

In response to an open letter by the Ocho Sur palm oil group, the National Amazonian Indigenous Peoples’ organisation, AIDESEP, issued a public letter in response on July 7, 2022. This letter accuses Ocho Sur of using intimidatory purposes to conceal its "divide and rule" strategy, which affects the self-determination and self-government of the Amazonian Indigenous peoples of Ucayali.

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The letter further calls on Ocho Sur's international buyers to exercise due diligence before buying palm oil from this company.

After a meeting from 28-29 March, 2022, the Shipibo-Konibo community of Paohyan declared a state of emergency on their territory  in the face of the abandonment of the Peruvian state and the pressure on their territory due to deforestation, illegal logging and drug trafficking. 

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The Paohyan community invited President Pedro Castillo Torres to listen to their demands. They will not allow anybody into their community apart from State officials and representatives of allied NGOs. 

Join us to hear from indigenous and local community leaders from Kenya, Russia, Bangladesh and Peru, who will share their key demands for land rights to be recognised as a climate solution.

The event will reflect on how demands from COP26 should be taken into account in relation to implementation of the UNGPs and will explore the underlying drivers of violence against human rights defenders focusing on recognising collective land rights as one critical solution.

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Introductory and concluding words: 

Anita Ramasastry - Member of the Working Group on Business and Human Rights.

This article, written by Hipólito Acevei of FAPI and Gam A Shimray of AIPP, highlightings the importance of including indigenous peoples rights in proposals for deforestation regulation. 

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"What is needed now - and urgently - is a truly integrated environmental and human rights approach that protects, respects and secures our collective land and territorial rights as indigenous peoples."​

The Earth Defenders Toolkit is a collaborative space for earth defenders and their allies. The Toolkit provides a growing collection of resources and training materials for communities on the frontlines of the struggle to defend critical ecosystems around the world, and community networks for users to connect and share their experiences.

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The mission of the Earth Defenders Toolkit is to provide and promote approaches to using technology in a way that supports local autonomy and ownership over tools and data, and reduces reliance on outside support.

​During the Global Mobilisation organisations and individuals worldwide will call for an end to the criminalisation of land rights defenders.  We will demand that governments protect Indigenous People and local communities defending their lands, forests, and waters and act to recognise their land rights.

Identifying, addressing and holding companies to account for the impacts of their activities on women needs to be embedded in due diligence legislation and wider business and human rights policies and strategies, or we risk adopting measures that will leave women behind. ActionAid's paper explains why such an approach is needed, and how states and companies can integrate gender-responsive human rights due diligence into existing and emerging efforts in the area of business and human rights, from garment factories in Bangladesh to mining projects in Nicaragua and Zambia, to agricultural investments in Guinea Bissau, Guatemala and Malawi.

​During the Global Mobilisation organisations and individuals worldwide will call for an end to the criminalisation of land rights defenders.  We will demand that governments protect Indigenous People and local communities defending their lands, forests, and waters and act to recognise their land rights.

Human rights defenders are dying, attacked and criminalized all over the world. This is happening at an increasingly alarming rate. In 2017, over 400 people were killed while protecting their community’s land or natural resources. Approximately half of these were indigenous peoples. The conference aimed to understand why in particular and increasingly indigenous peoples from developing countries are being killed or persecuted. The conference examined the key drivers behind this global phenomenon and discussed context-specific cases, and what can be done to change the current situation.

Until recently, the last members of the indigenous Souy people lived peacefully on their ancestral territory. But the arrival of a sugar cane company, with ties to the President, meant they lost access to their land and waterholes. The company mustered the support of the police, and when villagers began blocking the roads, the company used force to remove them, and many villagers were arrested or beaten. IWGIA tells the story of a courageous 75-year-old woman, who helped the Souy defend their land against this invading agribusiness.

As land disputes over palm oil plantations in West Sumatra, Indonesia flare up, community leaders and human rights defenders are being subjected to increasing intimidation and criminalisation by local police allegedly spurred on by planters. 

On the 4th of February, ZTI co-organized a webinar with AIPNEE, REP, SNaKK, BlueGreen Coastal Resource Centre that focused on equity, justice, and respect for Indigenous rights in Asia in the context of the energy transition.

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Across Asia, renewable energy projects frequently perpetuate land dispossession, resource exploitation, drive attacks and killings of rightsholders and exclusion of Indigenous peoples from decision-making processes. 

The event featured speakers  Robeliza Halip of REP, Prabindra Shakya of AIPNEE, Johnson Jament of BGCRC and Maica Saar of SNaKK who shared case studies and insights from Indigenous communities across the Asia region. It also offered actionable recommendations for a fair and inclusive energy transition.

In November 2024, 40 participants from 22 countries came together in Geneva to reflect on five years of ZTI, since the initiative's establishment at the UN Forum on Business and Human Rights in 2019 in Geneva.

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It was an inspiring opportunity to evaluate the collective progress of the ZTI global coalition, discuss challenges, and shape future directions.

The insights, ideas, and reflections from the gathering will feed into a ZTI strategy session planned for early 2025.

On October 5, Gerardo Keimari Enrique, an indigenous land defender from the Shipetiari community of the indigenous Matsiguenka people in Peru, was found dead in the Madre de Dios river near his community, with signs of having been tortured and stabbed.

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The event occurs in a context in which Gerardo and members of his community had already received several death threats from foreign land invaders after the community initiated proceedings to extend their communal territory.

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Due to the continued threats against him, Gerardo Keimari Enrique had been granted protection measures by the Peruvian Ministry of Justice. However, these were not sufficient, resulting in his death.

Asia Indigenous Peoples Network on Extractive Industries and Energy (AIPNEE) and Right Energy Partnership with Indigenous Peoples (REP) have voiced strong objections to the draft of the Indigenous Peoples & Mining Position Statement of the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM).

The Indigenous Peoples’ organizations claim that the ICMM’s draft Position Statement falls short of protecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples and lacks meaningful consultation with their representatives.

This comprehensive guidance is the first sectoral wide zero tolerance policy – in the business sector with the highest number of attacks against HRDs and communities - extractives.

The Business and Human Rights Resource Center released a tracker documents policy commitments in support of HRDs. The Business & Human Rights Resource Centre welcomes the growing number of company policies addressing the impact of their business activities on HRDs and recognising the important role of HRDs in human rights and environmental due diligence processes. Out of 260 companies assessed only nine met all criteria on commitments not to tolerate nor contribute to attacks.

On October 4, Maricela Guzmán, Diana Montoya and Miriam Ternoz from ASTAC, Ecuador received identical Whatsapp messages in which the senders threatened to kill them. The message included detailed information about the defenders’ family members and addresses.

Over 40 civil society organisations including many ZTI members signed on to an open letter facilitated by Swedwatch, calling on companies sourcing from Ecuador to reach out to suppliers and take necessary steps to ensure the case is investigated.

The Indigenous Ekuri community have been peacefully resisting deforestation on their lands, but in response they have faced threats and intimidation from the logging company. 

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This open letter calls on the Government of Nigeria to take action to stop these human rights violations that threaten the collective survival of the community and the Ekuri forest.

The impacts of large-scale interests in mining, logging, oil and gas, conservation, agribusiness have wreaked havoc to many communities in Africa. These industries are associated with a plethora of human rights violations, including killing of land and environmental defenders, criminalization of communities’ livelihoods, environmental pollution, land grabbing, and distortion of societal social and governance structures.

Are you a community or organisation based in Africa experiencing human rights violations as a result of global supply chains?

Join us on Zoom to find out what the ZTI is, the benefits of its membership and to meet current ZTI members.

Palm Oil company Energy & Palma has been using Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP) to criminalise defenders in Ecuador. Afro-descendant land rights defenders have been ordered to pay fines of hundreds of thousands of dollars as a result of peacefully protesting against Energy & Palma's illegal occupation of their land. Nestle's attempts to establish a mediated dialogue process were full of irregularities.

The letter urges Nestlé to take concrete measures to halt the human rights impacts and environmental harms connected with Energy & Palma's operations.

On June 10, 2021, a variety of national and international NGOs sent an Open Letter to multinational companies that were sourcing palm oil from Reforestadora de Palma S.A (REPSA) in Guatemala, which is linked to rights violations and ecocide. 

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REPSA issues a response in which it claimed to have resolved issues stemming from two oil spills, but this is not the case. This second letter, dated January 2022, calls again on multinationals to stop all sourcing of palm oil from REPSA until these issues are resolved. 

On December 3, Zero Tolerance Initiative held a webinar where four distinguished Indigenous leaders shared their reflections on the implications the recent COP26 summit and UNGPs in the next decade (following on from the 10th UN Forum on Business and Human Rights) could have to land and environmental defenders and securing collective rights. 

This new ground-breaking investigation from Global Witness reveals for the first time how much financial institutions in the UK, EU, US and China could have made from deals with 20 agribusiness firms linked to deforestation and related abuses. HSBC, Deutsche Bank, JP Morgan, BNP Paribas, Rabobank and Bank of China are among the worst offenders, and covered in case studies in the report.

ZTI members form part of a coalition of organisations calling for an early inclusion of rightsholders in the legislative process, a law that ensures access to justice and the right to an effective remedy, as well as robust safeguards for human rights defenders and whistle-blowers.

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This post is one of a series of perspectives on Mandatory Due Diligence published by the Business and Human Rights Resource Centre during the German EU Council presidency. 

Besides its grave climatic impacts, deforestation in Brazil is also threatening the rights and lives of indigenous peoples with conflicts over resources in the Amazon resulting in more than 300 killings in the past decade. Indigenous peoples' representatives travelled to Europe to share their experiences. They called on investors to take action and engage with investee companies so that they respect indigenous peoples’ rights, improve product traceability and conduct meaningful stakeholder engagement with indigenous peoples.

Colombia’s economy is dominated by land-intensive industries where operations often bring significant human rights risks. This makes the work of human rights defenders (HRDs) and civil society critical to bringing shared prosperity, freedom and sustainability.

Defenders who seek to prevent or expose abuse by businesses face concerted and sometimes deadly attacks. This report examines the relationship of business to attacks on human rights defenders in Colombia between 2015 and 2019. Colombia is the second most dangerous country in the world for attacks on HRDs working on business issues, hosting 9% of all cases globally.

Environmental and human rights defenders face significant and growing risks, experiencing violence, intimidation and criminalisation as a result of their efforts. This research critically assesses the various initiatives, led by states, intergovernmental bodies, the private sector and development finance institutions that seek to protect environmental and human rights defenders. It highlights the limitations of these initiatives, and argues that the knowledge, experiences and priorities of the defenders themselves have not been adequately included in the design of protection mechanisms and approaches.

Emyra Waiãpi, a 68-year-old indigenous leader, was stabbed to death as around 50 gold miners, a dozen of whom were heavily armed, entered the remote Waiãpi indigenous reserve in the northern Brazilian state of Amapá. IWGIA condemns the killing of the Waiãpi leader and all indigenous peoples who are defending their rights to their traditional lands, which are rapidly being exploited in the global land rush for natural resources.

Human Rights Defenders face greater risk of retaliation and violence than ever before, especially those working in defence of land, environmental and indigenous peoples’ rights. While development interventions can be a powerful tool for the realisation of human rights, too often activities undertaken in the name of development fail to adequately consider human rights conditions and impacts, and end up exacerbating the risks for defenders.

The Shipibo-Konibo community of Santa Clara de Uchunya are struggling against the dispossession and devastation of their ancestral lands due to the aggressive expansion of oil palm. As well as negatively impacting food security and destroying their way of life, the company’s presence has driven fierce competition for control over lands between groups of settlers dedicated to land-trafficking and exposed the Shipibo-Konibo indigenous community to intimidation, threats and attacks.